Green biosourced composite for efficient reactive dye decontamination: immobilized Gibberella fujikuroi on maize tassel biomatrix.

Biosorptive treatment with microbial biomass is regarded as an environmentally friendly and effective way to reduce dye contamination in contaminated aquatic environments. Immobilizing microbial cells for use in this process can significantly improve their effectiveness as biosorbents in the water treatment process. The current investigation searches for a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to decolorization by employing a green biocomposite material sorbent system (ZM@GFC) created by immobilizing fungal cells (Gibberella fujikuroi) on maize tassel tissues to efficiently remove Reactive Yellow 2 (RY2) from contaminated water sources. Batch and dynamic flow tests were performed to evaluate the biodecolorization properties of the newly created immobilized biomaterial as well as the effects of several essential operating conditions factors on the sorption behavior. Biosorption yields of 95.7% and 90.0% in batch and dynamic modes were achieved for experimental dye decolorization. The biosorption of RY2 by ZM@GFC occurred fast and achieved equilibrium within 60 min. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model elucidated the dye biosorption onto ZM@GFC. The Langmuir model provided a more accurate representation of the results than the Freundlich model. At the same time, Redlich-Peterson isotherm demonstrated the best level of agreement with the experimental data. These findings indicate that the biosorption mechanism predominantly involved the formation of a monolayer covering and that the energy properties of the ZM@GFC surface were uniform. The breakthrough capacity at the exhaustion time was 537.32 mg g-1. The predicted cost of generating ZM@GFC was anticipated to be 61.03 USD/kg. The investigations on safe disposal demonstrated that the biosorption process did not generate any secondary pollution. In conclusion, using maize tassel tissue as an immobilized decolorization agent offers a possible method for removing reactive azo dye pollutants from the aquatic medium that is both economical and environmentally benign.

PCR-based detection of the honeybee tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) in Türkiye.

Acarapis woodi (Rennie 1921) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) is one of the mites that settles in the respiratory system of honeybees (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae)) and distributed throughout the world. It causes significant economic losses on honey production. In Türkiye, studies on the existence of A. woodi are very limited and so far, no studies on the molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic of it have been reported in Türkiye. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of A. woodi in Türkiye, especially in areas where beekeeping is intense. Diagnosis of A. woodi was performed using both microscopic and molecular methods using specific PCR primers. Adult honeybee samples were collected from 1.193 hives in 40 provinces of Türkiye between 2018 and 2019. Based on identification studies, the presence of A. woodi was detected in a total of 3 hives (0.5%) in 2018 and 4 hives (0.7%) in 2019. This is the first report for determination of A. woodi in Türkiye.

A hybrid biocomposite of Thamnidium elegans/olive pomace/chitosan for efficient bioremoval of toxic copper.

Immobilized biomaterials have recently attracted researchers' attention in the field of environmental biotechnology due to their effective biosorption performances. In this respect, a novel hybrid biocomposite based on Thamnidium elegans cells, olive pomace, and chitosan (TE-OP@C) was produced and tested for the first time to remove a target pollutant. It was successfully employed to eliminate toxic Cu(II) ions. Uptake efficiency of the biocomposite was significantly greater than that of T. elegans and T. elegans-olive pomace, despite the much lesser amount of biocomposite used. Freundlich model best fitted the equilibrium data, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model followed Cu(II) uptake. The maximum removal efficiencies in batch and continuous systems were determined to be 96 % and 98 %, respectively. After eight cycles, the biosorption and recovery efficiencies of TE-OP@C were higher than 90 %. Biocomposite was able to remove approximately 90 % and 88 % of Cu(II) from real wastewater in batch and continuous systems, respectively. FTIR analysis, zeta potential measurements, EDX, and SEM findings confirmed the Cu(II) uptake. XRD and BET analysis were also performed for biocomposite characterization. Breakthrough and exhausted points were determined as 80 and 150 min, respectively. The findings potentially lead to a new perspective on the treatment of copper contamination.

Chitosan immobilization and Fe3O4 functionalization of olive pomace: An eco-friendly and recyclable Pb2+ biosorbent.

An effective and sustainable biosorbent (MagOPIC) was prepared from chitosan and olive pomace by the combined action of immobilization and magnetic modification to remediate Pb2+-contaminated waters. Pb2+ sorption yield at the end of the equilibrium (45 min) period was estimated to be 98.56 ±â€¯0.28% at pH 5.5. Agitation speed, ionic strength, and temperature did not significantly affect the Pb2+ biosorption. Biosorption kinetics are successfully fitted by the pseudo-second-order equation while the equilibrium biosorption data are properly modeled using the Freundlich and D-R isotherms. MagOPIC has also exhibited a high biosorption yield in the column tests (≥99%) and showed remarkable stability up to twenty consecutive regeneration cycles. Furthermore, it was successfully used for the treatment of Pb2+ containing real wastewater. The findings of this work highlighted the potential use of MagOPIC as a novel, cost-effective and eco-friendly biosorbent for the Pb2+ removal from the contaminated aquatic phase.

Efficacy of green waste-derived biochar for lead removal from aqueous systems: Characterization, equilibrium, kinetic and application.

The removal of toxic metals from the aquatic ecosystem is one of the most pressing environmental and public health concerns today. A strong potential has recently emerged for the removal of such metals using biochar sorbents. Biosorption technology could make a significant difference in the future. It is a viable and cost-effective alternative to the remediation of toxic pollutants utilizing various biomaterials. In the current study, batch and fixed-bed studies were performed to evaluate the performance of Capsicum annuum L. seeds biochar (CASB) as an alternative material in removing toxic Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Removal characteristics were investigated by considering the equilibrium and kinetic aspects. Biosorption equilibrium was established within 40 min. The optimum dosage of CASB for Pb(II) removal was determined as 2.0 g L-1. Biosorption data were well predicted by a non-linear Langmuir isotherm model. Monolayer biosorption occurred for CASB with a maximum capacity of 36.43 mg g-1. Biosorption kinetics fitted well with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The external mass transfer may control Pb(II) transport mechanism. Dynamic flow mode biosorption and regeneration potential of CASB were also examined. The application of CASB exhibited a 100% removal yield in real apple juice samples spiked with low concentrations of Pb(II). Exhausted points for the CASB packed columns were recorded as 195 and 320 min for simulated wastewater (SW) and synthetic Pb(II) solution, respectively. FTIR, BET, SEM-EDX analysis, and zeta potential measurements were used for the characterization of biochar and assessment of the metal ion-biosorbent interaction mechanism. Finally, our study provides a practical approach for the uptake of Pb(II) ions from contaminated solutions.

Phlebia gigantea cells immobilized on renewable biomass matrix as potential ecofriendly scavenger for lead contamination.

A novel biomaterial was prepared by the immobilization of Phlebia gigantea cells in the medium containing lignocellulosic waste and used for the first time in the bioremediation purpose. The developed new biocomposite possesses higher Pb(II) retention potential when compared with the free microbial cells. It could remove Pb(II) up to 74.11% at a biosorbent dosage of 4.0 g L-1. Surface characterization was carried out through zeta potential, EDX, SEM, and IR studies to understand the metal-biocomposite interactions. The biosorption amount at equilibrium slightly decreased with the increase of the solution temperature. Kinetic data indicated Pb(II) biosorption onto suggested biocomposite fits well with the pseudo-first-order model. Biosorption equilibrium data suited Langmuir model with the highest coefficient of determination values. The immobilized material reached to maximum monolayer Pb(II) retention capacity (1.449 × 10-4 mol g-1) within the short equilibrium time (10 min). The designed biocomposite was also adapted to continuous flow mode sorption process. Regeneration tests by dynamic flow mode confirmed reutilization potential of biocomposite.

Biosorption of Basic Blue 7 by fungal cells immobilized on the green-type biomatrix of Phragmites australis spongy tissue.

Biosorption is an effective alternative method for the control of water pollution caused by different pollutants such as synthetic dyes and metals. A new and efficient biomass system was developed from the passively immobilized fungal cells. The spongy tissue of Phragmites australis was considered as the carrier for the immobilization of Neurospora sitophila cells employed for the biosorption of Basic Blue 7. This plant tissue was used for the first time as a carrier for fungal cells. The biosorption was examined through batch- and continuous-mode operations. The biosorption process conformed well to the Langmuir model. Maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of the biosorbent was recorded as 154.756 mg g-1. Kinetic findings showed a very good compliance with the pseudo-second-order model. The negative values of ΔG° indicated a spontaneous nature of the biosorption process and a positive value of ΔH° (14.69 kJ mol-1) concluded favorable decolorization at high temperature. The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that a porous, rippled, and rough surface of biomass system was covered with BB7 molecular cloud. IR results revealed that functional groups like -OH, -NH, and CË­O participated to the decolorization. Breakthrough and exhausted points were found as 360 and 570 minutes, respectively. The biomass system was successfully applied to the treatment of real wastewater.

Anionically reinforced hydrogel network entrapped fungal cells for retention of cadmium in the contaminated aquatic media.

A novel biomass/polymer composite was fabricated by embedding Thamnidium elegans cells in acrylic network of p(3-Methoxyprophyl)acrylamide p(MPA) enriched with 2-Akrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS). Cd(II) retention potential of hydrogel (p(MPA-co-AMPS)) increased by 20.66% times after this enrichment. The gel matrix could be effectively entrapped the biomass and resulting sorbent applied to remove Cd(II) from water in batch and continuous modes. The main physico-chemical parameters are discussed in addition to characterization, regeneration and application studies of the suggested sorbent. Equilibrium occurred within 30 min and Langmuir model predicted the equilibrium data. Kinetics of Cd(II) removal onto immobilized biomass is modeled using the pseudo-second-order rate equation. Maximum monolayer sorption capacity was estimated to be 123.76 mg g-1 at 25 °C. Designed composite was successfully applied for the removal of Cd(II) from industrial wastewater. EDTA and HNO3 can be efficiently used for Cd(II) recovery and composite sorbent recycled for at least 12 cycles with nearly stable sorption performance.

Chemical modification of a plant origin biomass using cationic surfactant ABDAC and the biosorptive decolorization of RR45 containing solutions.

This study focused on the improvement of the decolorization potential of biomass derived from Pyracantha coccinea. Alkyl benyzldimethyl ammonium chloride (ABDAC) was used as modification agent. Batch mode decolorization potential of modified biosorbent was explored at different operating conditions. ABDAC modification significantly increased the biosorption yield to 97.27%, which was 3.88 times higher than that of natural biomass. The prepared biosorbent was effectively used for the decolorization of Reactive Red 45 contaminated solutions after the optimization of biosorption conditions. The non-linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the isotherm and kinetic model parameters. Process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the highest monolayer capacity of 152.49 mg g(-1) was obtained with a small amount of modified biosorbent. Kinetic studies indicated fast decolorization rate of the process following the pseudo-first-order model. Biosorption performance of the prepared biosorbent was tested in RR45 containing real wastewater sample. The possible dye biosorbent interactions in the biosorption process were explored by zeta potential, scanning electron microscobe and FTIR analysis.